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What Is FHE?

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a cryptographic scheme that allows arbitrary computation on encrypted data without decrypting it first.
Plaintext:   encrypt(a) ⊕ encrypt(b) = encrypt(a ⊕ b)
Ciphertext:  server evaluates — never sees a or b

TFHE: Fast Gate Bootstrapping

WAVIS uses TFHE (Torus Fully Homomorphic Encryption), which supports:
  • Boolean gates — NAND, AND, OR, XOR, NOT, MUX
  • Programmable bootstrapping — arbitrary functions via LUT
  • Gate bootstrapping — noise is reset after every gate (unlimited depth)

Bootstrap operation

Each gate evaluation performs:
  1. External product (CMux) with the bootstrapping key
  2. Blind rotation of a test polynomial
  3. Sample extraction
  4. Key switching
This takes ~14 ms per gate on CPU (fast_128 preset), or ~5.2 ms/gate in GPU batch mode.

Security Model

WAVIS uses 128-bit security (all presets). The underlying hardness assumption is RLWE (Ring Learning With Errors).
  • Secret key: never leaves the client
  • Evaluation key: safe to upload (cannot derive secret key)
  • Ciphertexts: computationally indistinguishable from random

Parameters

PresetnNSecurityLatency
fast_1286301024128-bit14 ms/gate
standard_1286301024128-bit32 ms/gate
conservative_1286301024128-bit48 ms/gate
  • n: TLWE dimension (affects key size and security)
  • N: Polynomial degree for bootstrapping ring